I was wondering if it is possible for my voltage regulator to become damaged, because I created a short while installing a new CD player. Also if it is damaged would that prevent my alternator from keeping my battery charged?
It's possible, but not likely unless the ignition switch was on. It's easy to check with a voltmeter. A resting battery will show about 12.6v, a charging battery will show between 13-14v.
You should disconnect the battery when you change out the regulator as you could fry it - been there, done that. Make sure your ground connections are clean. Since the frame/body is your ground, make sure the body area under regulator is clean, the engine is grounded to the firewall and the battery ground (both terminal post and engine connection) are clean. Check belt tension, loose or worn belts will slip on the altinator and not give you full juice.
This is why to connect radio equipment through a fuse. It's not that hard to fuse them and will save you all this hassle- the worst scenario then is: replace a fuse.
